Recent Post

What are the negative effects of using chemicals?

What are the negative effects of using chemicals? Chemicals are used for different experiments in chemistry. But they can be harmful to humans and the environment when they are not properly used. i) Chemicals are used to keep fish and meat fresh and ripen fruits which is harmful to health. ii) Preservatives are used to preserve different food products which are risky for health. iii) Excessive use of chemical fertilizer harms plants. iv) Different harmful substances enter our bodies through blood by using artificial cosmetics, colors, etc. You may like What is Electrocardiograph? What is biological currency? What is activation energy? What is rate of reaction? What is green chemistry?
Post a Comment

Physical Optics

Physical Optics Notes for Class 11 - 12

Poynting vector

The amount of energy passing through unit area placed perpendicular to direction of a electromagnetic wave propagating is called poynting vector.

Wave front

At any moment, locus of particles on a wave which are in phase is called wave front.

Plane wave front

Locus of particles which are in phase or parallel rays coming from infinity is called plane wave front.

Slit

The small rectangular opening which has long length but a very small width is called slit.

Coherent source

Two light sources are said to be coherent if they emit waves having constant phase difference.

Interference fringe

When interference takes place on a plane or screen, some parallel bright and dark lines or pattern are found. This bright or dark patterns are called interference fringes.

Diffraction

The spreading of light rays passing through narrow opening or around corner is called diffraction of light.

Fresnel's class of diffraction

Light source at finite distance emits light rays and when they travel round the corner and creates a fringe pattern on screen placed at finite distance. This pattern is called fresnel's class of diffraction.

Fraunhofer class of diffraction

Light rays coming from infinity creates a pattern on screen at infinity. It is called Fraunhofer class of diffraction.

Diffraction grating

A plastic slide having large number of equidistant slits used for measuring wavelength of light is called diffraction grating.

Grating constant

If width of each slit of a grating is a and each opaque scratch has width of b, (a+b) is called grating constant.

Polarization

The process by which vibration of light of wave can be confined in a definite plane is called polarization.

Topic :

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular Posts

Finance and Business Finance

Finance and Business Finance With the gradual progress of society & civilization and the development of science and technology, the scope of trade and commerce has also increased. Hence, the product-market has to cope with diverse competitions. To make profit in this competition, a businessman has to utilize his capital efficiently through proper planning so that the cost of production or selling could be kept minimum. Hence, a business firm can maximize its profit. For that purpose, every business firm collects its necessary fund for investment from the most desirable sources, and invests it in the most suitable project by analyzing various information of the product-market. This creates inflows and outflows of fund in the business. Finance regulates these flows of fund nicely. Different principles of finance are used in this process of regulation. Financial Management helps a businessman to earn enough profit from investing even a small amount of capital. Now-a-days finance is no
Read more

The Importance of Information and Communication Technology

The Importance of Information and Communication Technology Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to the use of technology to manage and exchange information. In the modern world, ICT has become an indispensable tool for individuals, businesses, and organizations alike. Its impact on society has been significant, leading to the creation of new opportunities, improved efficiency, and increased connectivity. One of the key benefits of ICT is the increase in efficiency that it has brought about. With the help of technology, information can be processed, analyzed, and shared more quickly and accurately than ever before. This has led to improved productivity and a more streamlined workflow. For example, businesses are now able to automate repetitive tasks and focus on more important tasks, leading to more efficient use of time and resources. Additionally, ICT has enabled the creation of virtual work environments, which has allowed individuals to work remotely and busines
Read more

Lessons on Life

  Biology Chapter - 1: Lessons on Life 👉   All Chapter Contents   👈   1.1  Concept of Biology What are living things? Living things, also known as organisms, are entities that have the ability to carry out fundamental life processes such as growth, reproduction, metabolism, and response to stimuli. Living things are characterized by their organization, complexity, and ability to maintain homeostasis, which is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment. Living things are diverse and can be found in various forms, ranging from single-celled organisms like bacteria and protists to complex multicellular organisms like plants, animals, and fungi. They interact with their environment, including other living and non-living things, and play a critical role in the maintenance of ecological balance and the continuation of life on Earth. What are non-living things? Non-living things, also known as inanimate objects, are entities that l
Read more

Main components of computer systems

Image
A typical computer system is made up of hardware and software. The figure shows an example of a computer system consisting of input devices, output devices, and secondary storage. These will be discussed in more detail in Chapter 2, but examples include: Input devices: keyboard, mouse Output devices: monitor, printer Secondary storage devices: DVD R/W drive, removable hard drive. However, one part of the computer system has not yet been mentioned. This is shown as the ‘Processor and internal memory devices’ in the diagram – this consists of four key components called the central processing unit (CPU), internal hard disk, random access memory (RAM), and read-only memory (ROM). The central processing unit (CPU) is the part of the computer which interprets and executes commands from the computer hardware and software. CPUs used to be made up of discrete components and numerous small integrated circuits, which were combined together on one or more circuit board/s. However, due to modern
Read more

Biodiversity

Image
Learning Outcomes  👉 What is biodiversity  👉 Origin of biodiversity  👉 Nature of biodiversity  👉 Interrelationships of organisms  👉 How to measure biodiversity  👉 Biodiversity of Bangladesh  👉 Risks and remedies of biodiversity  What is Biodiversity? The term biodiversity describes the great variety of life on Earth. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living things, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. We don't know for sure exactly how many different organisms there are on Earth. However, scientists estimate that there are about 8-14 million (80 to 140 lakh) different species of organisms on this Earth. Some believe that the number is higher. But whatever the number, most of these organisms are unknown to us. Only 1.2 million (12 lakh) species have been identified and described so far, most of which are insects. This means that billions of other organisms are still mysterious and unknown to us. Origin of Biodiversity The unique characteristics of all sp
Read more

When you open the gas cylinder used for cooking, which action takes place first diffusion or effusion?

When you open the gas cylinder used for cooking, which action takes place first diffusion or effusion? The pressures of the ingredients of body spray inside and outside of the container are not the same. The pressure is greater inside the container. When the molecules of the gas come out through small pores into a low-pressure zone from a high-pressure zone, effusion happens. Due to the application of pressure, the molecules present in body spray come out through the small pores. The spontaneous movement is blocked by the pore of the container. The bigger the pore size, the more spontaneous the movement is. When the condition becomes absolutely pressure-less, it becomes diffusion. So in the case of a body spray, first effusion takes place, then diffusion happens. When you open a gas cylinder used for cooking, effusion takes place first. Effusion refers to the process of a gas molecule escaping through a small opening, such as a hole in a container, into a surrounding environment wi
Read more