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In order to convert a solid to a liquid at the same temperature or to convert a liquid to a gas, heat energy must be added to the substance. This energy is called latent heat.

The sensation of hotness is certainly familiar to all of us. When two bodies, one hot and the other cold are placed in an enclosure, the the hotter body will cool and the colder body will heat until the degree of the hotness of the two bodies is the same. Clearly, something has been transferred … Read more

Optical fibers are not only used for light communication but it is used in medicine for lighting difficult place of the human body, as for example, the internal organ of a man. As a result of the application of optical fiber gives a clear image of the disturbing points. For example, the doctor gets the … Read more

At the interface of two media, the incident light beam is separated into two: reflected and refracted. If light falls with the angle on the surface of the interface, which differs from straight then at the interface light changes its direction. It is called refraction of light. Of the two media in which light propagated … Read more

In Figure Illustrates the terms that we use in the study of reflected light. Represents the surface of a plane. AO, called the incident ray, is the direction in which light falls onto the reflecting surface. O is the point of incidence and OR the, reflected ray. The angles, which the incident and reflected rays … Read more

Input devices As the name suggests, input devices are hardware devices that allow data to be input into a computer. Many such devices exist, ranging from the more common ones, such as the keyboard, through to the more specialist devices, such as barcode readers. A number are described in this section. Keyboards These are the … Read more

Light has some interesting properties, many of which are used in medicine. 1. The speed of light changes when it goes from one material to another. The ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to its speed in a given material is called the index of refraction. If a light beam meets a new … Read more

Light is an electromagnetic radiation. Although light is only a tiny part of the electromagnetic spectrum, it has been the subject of much research both in physics and in biology. The importance of light is due to its fundamental role in living systems. The sun is still the major source of light in the world. … Read more