Chemistry

The oil which is extracted from roots, leaves, flowers, and seeds is known as an essential oil. For example – Amla, Olive etc.

Perfumeries include different types of cosmetics and perfumed personal care products.

Coagulation is a process of bringing the suspended fine particles together to form a bulk material.

Conversion of barley’s starch or sugar into acetic acid by the process of malting is known as malt vinegar. This vinegar is widely used in making pickles.

Suspension is a kind of non-homogenous mixture. In a suspension, the solute particles can be observed by naked eye or microscope. If kept standing, the solute particles settle at the bottom.

Natural or chemical substances which are used in a small amount to protect food from the contamination of micro-organisms. Preservatives increase the shelf-life and taste of food.

Compounds composed of metals and nonmetals contain charged species. The charged species are known as ions. An ion is a charged particle and can be negatively or positively charged. A negatively charged ion is called an ‘anion’ and the positively charged ion, a ‘cation’. Take, for example, sodium chloride (NaCl). Its constituent particles are positively … Read more

The molecules of an element are constituted by the same type of atoms. Molecules of many elements, such as argon (Ar), helium (He), etc. are made up of only one atom of that element. But this is not the case with most of the nonmetals. For example, a molecule of oxygen consists of two atoms … Read more