Separating liquid/liquid mixtures In recent years there have been many oil tanker disasters, just like the one shown in Figure. These have resulted in millions of litres of oil being washed into the sea. Oil and water do not mix easily. They are said to be immiscible. When cleaning up disasters of this type, a range of chemicals can … Read more
If we want to obtain the solvent from a solution, then the process of distillation can be carried out. The apparatus used in this process is shown in Figure. Water can be obtained from saltwater using this method. The solution is heated in the flask until it boils. The steam rises into the Liebig condenser, where it condenses back … Read more
The kinetic theory model can be used to explain how a substance changes from one state to another. If a solid is heated the particles vibrate faster as they gain energy. This makes them ‘push’ their neighboring particles further away from themselves. This causes an increase in the volume of the solid, and the solid … Read more
Explaining the three states of matter In a solid, the particles attract one another. There are attractive forces between the particles which hold them close together. The particles have little freedom of movement and can only vibrate about a fixed position. They are arranged in a regular manner, which explains why many solids form crystals. It is possible to model … Read more
The kinetic theory helps to explain the way in which matter behaves. The evidence is consistent with the idea that all matter is made up of tiny particles. This theory explains the physical properties of matter in terms of the movement of its constituent particles. The main points of the theory are: All matter is made up of tiny, … Read more
The least amount of energy required for active atoms or molecules to a state in which they can undergo a chemical reaction is known as activation energy.
The substances which destroy the catalytic activity of a catalyst are known as catalyst poisons.
The substances that make a reaction take place faster but are not used up in the reaction are called catalysts.