The adrenal cortex is the outer portion of the adrenal gland and is responsible for secreting three main types of steroid hormones: mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens. These hormones are all synthesized from cholesterol and are essential for maintaining life-sustaining functions such as blood pressure, metabolism, and electrolyte balance. The cortex itself is organized into three … Read more
Renal disease, also commonly known as kidney disease, is a medical condition where the kidneys become damaged and lose their ability to effectively filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood. These bean-shaped organs are essential for maintaining the body’s internal balance; they regulate blood pressure, produce hormones for red blood cell creation, and … Read more
Herbaceous crops are plants used for food, fiber, or medicine that lack a persistent woody stem. Unlike trees or shrubs, which develop hard, lignified bark and grow thicker over years, herbaceous crops have soft, green, and flexible stems. Their structural integrity comes primarily from water pressure (turgor) and cellulose within their cell walls rather than … Read more
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs (about 11 cm x 7 cm x 3 cm) that are located against the back muscles in the upper abdominal area. They sit opposite each other on both the left and right side of the body; the right kidney, however, sits a little lower than the left to accommodate the … Read more
What is kidney?The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates. They are located on the left and right in the retro peritoneal space, and in adult humans are about 11 centimeters (4.3 in) in length. Kidney receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood exits into the paired renal veins. Each kidney is attached … Read more
Medical microbiology is the branch of medicine that studies microorganisms—like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites—that cause disease in humans. The field focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases. Medical microbiologists play a crucial role in public health by identifying and characterizing these pathogens, and helping to develop effective treatments and control measures. … Read more
Microbiology is the scientific study of microorganisms, which are tiny living organisms too small to be seen with the naked eye, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, and protists. The field encompasses the study of their structure, function, classification, and interactions with other living organisms and their environment. Microbiologists investigate a wide range of topics, … Read more
What is meant by true parasite? The term “true parasite” is often used informally to emphasize a parasite’s obligate nature. A true parasite is essentially an obligate parasite, meaning an organism that cannot complete its life cycle without exploiting a suitable host. True parasites are entirely dependent on their host for essential resources such as … Read more